Most product failures begin before a single line of code is written. Teams commit to delivery when they should still be learning , when assumptions about users, markets and business models remain untested.
The symptoms are familiar. Stakeholders disagree on priorities but proceed anyway. Roadmaps fill with features that feel urgent but lack evidence. Budgets lock in before anyone has articulated what success looks like, or why this investment matters more than the alternatives.
Discovery is often treated as a phase to rush through. A workshop, a deck, a set of wireframes , and then straight into build. That is not discovery. That is theatre.
The real problem is uncertainty that has not been made visible. When organisations cannot name what they do not know, they compensate with confidence. Expensive confidence.

